The Book of AL-Hadj (Pilgrimage) and "AL-Umra"
AL-Hadj is an important rite in Islam, and it is one of the essential duties which the sacred legislator had urged. It must be performed once during life (all life long) in the principle of jurisprudence. Also in some cases Hadj should be performed for other reasons such as : deputation, vowing and rental (see, our Moslem brother, the summary of Hadj and its hermitages. The compassionate guide for Hadj of the Ancient House, for his Eminence, the learned Ayat Ullah AL-Sheikh Basheer Hussein AL-Najafy.
A Summary (Outline) for the Form of Hadj and its Hermitages
If the place (home land) of the person is 48 miles or more away from Mecca, then the person should perform first "Umrat AL-Tamatie" (enjoyment Umra) and the deeds of this "Umra" are five :-
The First :- (AL-Ihram) from the timing by which he happened to pass. The timings (AL-Mawakeets) are as follows:-
1. The Mosque of "AL-Shajara" (tree) for the person who came to Mecca from the way of "AL-Medeena".
2. "Kirn AL-Manazil" for the person who came to Mecca from "AL-Taif".
3. "AL-Jahfa" : it is a small village lying near the road of pilgrims from "Jidda" to "Mecca". It is a timing for those (pilgrims) coming from Syria and Egypt.
The valley of AL-Akeek (cornelian). It is a timing for those who come from the road of Iraq.
5. "Ylamlim" is a timing for those who come from the way of yemen.
The form of Ihram is to put on (wear) the two garments (robes) of Ihram, then he intends Ihram for "Umrat AL-Tamatie" for pilgrimage and "you labbi"saying,"Lebeik" (I obey God's order and carry out), 0 : God, "Le beik" (Ullohumma, Lebeik La sherik laka (Partnerless) "Lebeik". It is commendable that Ihram would be after washing and prayer as a rite or "Nafila" (not imposed prayer). In Ihram ease, these things are prohibited for him (the person) :-
1. Hunting the land animal and its eating ...
2. The sexual intercourse (enjoyment) with all its sorts and categories.
3. Perfumes and scents.
4. Ornament (toilet) (decoration).
5. Looking at the mirror except the driver.
6. Getting out (taking out) the blood from the body.
7. Disproof (8) AL-Kohl (eye-powder) (9) controversy (dispute).
10. Killing the body insects.
11. Oiling with perfume (scent).
12. Removing (plucking) the hair from the body.
13. Trimming (cutting) the nails.
14. Immersion into the water (dipping).
15. Carrying arms (waspons).
Pulling out the trees, plants and (weeds).
17. Wearing clothes that are sewn for men.
18.Wearing the shoes that veil most of the apparent part of the feet and also the socks and stockings specially for men.
19.Veillng the head in the case of Ihram, specially for men.
20. Shading while walking day and night.
21.Veiling the face with a covering in a way that it will touch the face for women specially.
22. Wearing gloves for women specially.
The Second :- (perambulation) where the pilgrim goes round the ancient. "Holy House" seven rounds (times), beginning every round from "The Black Stone" and ends at it. The House should be on the left of the perambulator and his waking should be outside the "Holy House".
The Third :- The prayer of Perambulation it includes two bowings prayed at the position (place) of the prophet "Abraham", if the pilgrim was able, but if he was unable, then he might perform the prayer when he became free after perambulation (going round).
The fourth :- the endeavour between "AL-Harwa". It begins from "AL-Safa" to AL-Marwa" and vice-versa seven rounds: going is one round and coming is a second round.
The fifth :- is shortening that means to take some of the body hair or trimming the nails. The perambulation and its prayer are invalid without purity from "AL-Hadath", (the minor and the major happening) and wickedness and badness (mischievousness), and after finishing "Umrat AL-Tamatie", he should perform "Hadj AL-Tamatie".
The Deeds of "Hadj AL-Tamatie", :- They are as follows:-
1. AL-Ihram in "The Holy Mosque" or From"Mecca", if possible, and he intends for "Hadj AL-Tamatie"Saying", I perform"Ihram" for Hadj AL-Tamatie"approaching you (God).
2. Staying and existing in "Arafat" from the noon (meridian) of the ninth day and staying untill the sunset
3. Going to the Vally of "AL- Masha'ar " after the sunset where he prayer the night-fall and night pra yers, picking up little pebbles (stones) as much as the jot (iato) to throw the three embers in "Mina".
4. Then going to the vally of "Mina" after the sunrise of the tenth day where the pilgrim performs threeduties.
They are:-
a. the throwing of the ember of AL-Akaba".
b. The Slaughtering of the "Hedi" (a sacrifice, offering, scape-goat) to God. The pilgrim should eat 1/3 of the "Korban" (Hedi) and give 1/3 alms also and the rest 1/3 for the believers
c. Shortening or shaving the hair of the head (for men) and shortening (for women).
5. Then coming back to "Mecca" again and performing the following deeds:
Going round "The Beit" (The House) the perambulation of Hadj (pilgrimage).
b. The prayer of perambulation near the position (place) of Abraham Prophet.
c. The endeavour between Al-Safa and "Al-Marwa".
d- Women perambulation.
So, after doing these deeds, everything became licit (allowed) for the pilgrim (before these deeds they were illicit) except hunting. In perambulation and prayer, there should be purity of Hadath (major and minor happening) and badness (mischievousness), and the intention of approaching God, the Most High. After finishing these deeds in "Mecca", he should return to "Mina" to throw the three embers: the first the middle and "Al-Akaba" according to the arrangement, every one with seven pebbles (throwing).
6. Staying at night (lodging) at "Mina" on the night of 11th and 12th, or he stays in "Mecca", busying in worshipping, perambulation, praying and reading "The Koran". If the pilgrim practised a sexual intercourse (venery) with a woman or hunting (these are illicit, then he should lodge (stay at night) the 13th night at "Mina", also and the 13th day for him to throw the three embers, as we mentioned before.
7. Then the pilgrim returns to "Mecca" to go round the "House" (fare-well perambulation) asking God, The Most High, to accept his deed and to lead him to success to come back.
Going forward to "Al-Medeena Al-Munawara" to perform the rites of visiting the prophet, peace upon him and the graves of "Al-Aima" (the Imams), peace upon them, and the grave of Al-Zahra, "peace upon her and martyrs and believers. There are functions for the person who is away from "Mecca" within (48) miles or more. As for the person whose homeland is less than this distance from "Mecca" in this case, his function is the pilgrimage of "Al-Afrad (individual Hadj),or (Hadj of Al-Kiran) (Hadj of joining, connection). He has the right to choose one of them. He should also perform the "individual Umra" (single Umra).
Individual (single) Umra: The "single Umra" is not different from the "enjoyment umra" (Umrat Al-Tamatie" except in these matters:
1. It has no limited time.
2. It is the function of the person whose homeland is less than (48) miles from 'Mecca'.
3. Every Moslem should perform it whether he is for or near from Mecca, if the ability is available.
4. It is not an introduction (preface) for Hadj (pilgrimage).
5. The perambulation of women should be available (opposite to'Umrat Al-Tamatie'.
6. The Umra-doer (performer) in single Umra should do Ihram from the timing (Meekat, if his homeland is farther than the timing and he should do Ihram from his house if his house is nearer to "Mecca" than the "Meekat" (timing).
Hadj
Hadj Al-Afrad (individual pilgrimage) or "Connection Hadj (Kiran)
These two sorts of Hadj are not different from "Hadj Al-Tamatie", except in two aspects (cases) only:-
The First: It is the function of the person whose homeland is nearer to Mecca less than (48) miles, and in Hadj "Al-Kiran", did Ihram to slaughter it in "Mina".
The Second: It is allowed for the person (the pilgrim) who performed these two pilgrimages to introduce the perambulation round the "Holy House" and the endeavour between Al-"Safa and Al-Marwa", on standing in "Arafat" and "Al-Masha'ar", also the introduction of Umra on them is not considered (regarded).
The Conditions of the Obligation of Hadj
They include parts:
The First: the conditions of the person who should go to Hadj:
1. Maturity (adultness). 2. Brain (mind). 3. Freedom (liberty).
The Second: the conditions of the obligation of Hadj is the ability (capacity).
1. The space of time: the commissioned person can attain the pilgrimage in the specialized days with familiar ways.
2. The ability of food and comfort and everything that human being needs according to his condition (position) and his suitable affair socially, besides that he should take into consideration his provisions (supplies of food) and his family's provisions in a way that he will go for Hadj (pilgrimage) and perform the rites without hurting or affecting his family and his financial position from food, drink and dwelling (housing).
3. The safety of the road and his security and the removal of obstacles (barriers), so the person, who should go to Hadj legally and by obligation, ought to hurry (hasten) to Hdj, and if he was unable physically to go, then he should perform deputation (to deputise a person to go for him and also a deputation for the dead. Ability can be achieved by the fortune (money) of the individual and also by the money given by the others when it was sufficient for his supply and for his family on condition that spending (giving) the money is not causing a defect (imperfection) and will not reduce the prestige and the character of the given person or humiliation (note this is a summary for Hadj and Umra", for more details, look at the compassionate guide for Hadj of the Ancient House).